@L|}6CD l0C)HCC WhL/h `CmCDiD`  R@W1  Y0@R !L` D  C D     )16CS S)  C)D1 p p 0 C9DI pCDL~CiCDiD` D  C D     )16CS S)  C)D1 p p }0 C9DI pCDL~CiCDiD` DD˙` d J)L !}D L(( LL()  L| L( S LH 0p n  } CY?  q  L L  ` )} `A! d߰")-݆ "  $G@LLL&0") $G% }H0 3S8`G ȱG ȱG   Gȭ Gȭ GG}GHiH8(()) G$H% `(0 })8` d)L ݆ & LGȘ ݆LL d  ! LL d)N>Q  HH) }  hyhyB q L> Lm JJ  Ln*` dB%' }8  H H` 1 { LL   !L     Hh SY?  q  1L }  !? S   q 1 L   Ll  Lg E`L   !L)  q 1L}) `L0AM݊L݉ ML  N݆LLLNLMLHG!@}1F GȱGLLEEȩÑEȑEEȑE Ed E7EȩE  q} L !,0,0SGɛ L 1 !L EHEh W G gLLSROTCES EERF } G) *Gȩ GȽG GȌd q q G`  8   0G  `D}CEDC0X:Ȣ Y ȱC* ? 0.. , 0%n ?A[ 0 : L`L  `, 0`Y}`piH n0)բY? 08`0 }  0$L GGȽG L `8L`L}8`  05G)݁,G)ȱGȱGHh0})Hh` B! 8`8iiiLE`}E8FEh( l0`ɃLL L8^~jj8jHi hEEEiEȱEiE` dTE} H8EEȱEEȩEh J E8   . m  i`LI!)E1FR}1LJ舩9GIH`LJJ`HGHh l`} S gL   8 rii `дCDCG W  }C  Lq` X٨`DOS SYS IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIC`0 ߩ0}}} HE |||DDOS DOSDOS SYS }}}}CDOS SYS} 0`BDELV !B }`LVUQ   ]   TU J ]L!T  #      TU  } L ? .  t`GBJ V~DEHI B V0dV!}QDEHI VF9 ,0 ,0 s0hhL  L` H hDHEh"}DEL8HI   0 HI,0 0  9 .G VLO#},0 L4*IJ`llD1:AUTORUN.SYSNEED MEM.SAV TO LOAD THIS FILE.D1:MEM.SAV J y08 B|DEHI$} V0 0`B;DELV䌚 !B y`@ʆ v s? F0Ξ05: [ BDEHI%} VY8 B V  @  /DE `E:D1:DUP.SYSERROR-SAVING USER MEMORY ON DISKTYPE Y TO &}STILL RUN DOS B;DE J V (` 9 V⪍ ઍ  -'}LLu DEHILV 9 .l 9 .l  `` s$B VBH(}I|DE V BLV nB,DE J V* \*` B V BLVDEHI BLVL)}1u H232435; 1 ;  hh@2 e1i1LHҍ 00) 08 109hh@ Ҡ2e*}1i1232435ޥ<<8} 3E:}DISK OPERATING SYSTEM II VERSION 2.0SCOPYRIGHT 1980 ATARIA. DISK DIRECTORY I. FORMAT DISKB. RUN CARTRIDGE J. D,}UPLICATE DISKC. COPY FILE K. BINARY SAVED. DELETE FILE(S) L. BINARY LOADE. RENAME FILE M. RUN AT ADDRESSF. LOCK F-}ILE N. CREATE MEM.SAVG. UNLOCK FILE O. DUPLICATE FILEH. WRITE DOS FILES9!&x#!7&p))'&X*./)L''-؆莟.}R'S  vW DEHHI 1A#! @ ~0ɛ8A0.) ȅ 1 1i/}il ! 1L NO SUCH ITEMSELECT ITEM OR FOR MENU! 0 .{z:*{}.|~ 1 0 00}JB 18L^%|DLl%DIRECTORY--SEARCH SPEC,LIST FILE? # 0 0 n&|D! 1L NOT A DISK FILE1}N !B 1L " 1 !BDED:}:1BJ|DE 1DEBH2}I 1 h0ߢ 0.  0?詛 1 ~0YЛ 1 "L<" "L 3} BL1TYPE "Y" TO DELETE...DELETE FILE SPECCOPY--FROM, TO?OPTION NOT ALLOWED COPYING---DN:4}# 0|D .L$A#B#C#JB|DE 1BHIDD#E 1D#0: B5} 1L B#C#C#B# B 1N#$0SYS1}:e#D# d# D# .d#ȽD# d# 𩛙d#X# 1,A#6}PdD#ELO- A.BJdD#E 1 1HH 0hh|DL^%1}:e# Lt% e#dD#EL%7} 1 0 . .0% 1L WILD CARDS NOT ALLOWED IN DESTINATION 0 A.|K@C}//3Hu ξL/L DRIVE TO WRITE DOS FILES TO?WRITING NEW DOS FILESTYPE "Y" TO WRITE DOS TO DRIVE 2.?}D2:DOS.SYSERROR - NOT VERSION 2 FORMAT. , &* բ( 1L `[) 0NΞ 0 L1M) 1@} L BAD LOAD FILELOAD FROM WHAT FILE?) 0 0#B 1L WHAT FILE TO LOCK?) 0 0$B 1L WHAT FILE TO UNLOCK?DUA}P DISK-SOURCE,DEST DRIVES?TYPE "Y" IF OK TO USE PROGRAM AREACAUTION: A "Y" INVALIDATES MEM.SAV. h  ,B}  `)  <0 2 2 0  ,   ,,ޢ* 1L ,K* 1 ~0 0C}FINSERT BOTH DISKS, TYPE RETURNERROR - DRIVES INCOMPATIBLE., 1 ~038  , 1L D}, &*  Lz+, 0 , 1 ~0 + Y,0!,0 ,L+ ,mm  v,"ǭE}0Ξ, 05,Lt+L +,Hh` NOT ENOUGH ROOMINSERT SOURCE DISK,TYPE RETURNF}INSERT DESTINATION DISK,TYPE RETURN`    `L,8,0( rG}L1(`ߢ) 1* 1 ~0Y`hhL S SL1) 8`NAME OF FILE TO MOVE?- 0 0|DLtH}% A., 1 <0 0 .@L# .BJ 1  DEHIB V L1 ,5 1 <0,L. I} JB|,A#Pd#DE 1 HI BDEHHII 1 B 1 , 1 <0,0Lf- B VJ},A#P, 1 <0 0L#L ߢ) 1* 1 ~0Yj383}mm ݭK}}`8}``|* ? ɛ,`|:(|/ 1L `DESTINATION CANT L}BE DOS.SYS0 0H{ $22Δ $28/L /) $2 Π $2 0 ξM}hAΞB,0 J 1 BޝDEHI,HDE 1HIHIDELSAVE-N}GIVE FILE,START,END(,INIT,RUN)O X0 1`BDEPHI V` X0H 1 L O}0 0 1L0`PLEASE TYPE 1 LETTER,0`hhL <0 1L0LA1 ,;ɛ7,"ɛ:ݦ1ݥP}A"D|ݤD|ȩ:|ȩ|ɛ,,(/+.ީ1 1,ɛ`轤{Q}NAME TOO LONG B VL ` L1I H1EӝDL1|mDiE` V0`8d/8 i:"2!22 1R} L ERROR- 128ɛ+,' 20*.. өw2 1``2TOO MANY DIGITSINVALIDS} HEXADECIMAL PARAMETER800 0 8 00`,0'D800H,ɛh`2L1NEED D1 THRU D4uT} HEXADECIMAL PARAMETER800 0 8 00`,0'D800H,ɛh`2L1NEED D1 THRU D4uRSWTFMMMBSSPMPHFCMHCTCDCSTPPCVHOMHBTOEDDISDONV} W} !"X}#$%&EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE""---------------------------- HORSEby Stan GilbertY}!!Character graphics tutorial$horse demo..8VERSION 1.0B(C) JANUARY 17th, 1983L""------------Z}----------------V`(6-F:A,6-AP( A jt____ALL DONE~ A A+[}'B2H'B2I'B2P'B2Q'B2R'B2S'B\}2T'B2U% D:PICTURES (A&Assembly code;@W,]}TDELAY.OBJ**67@,.hh))67@$,.h67@F,. `^} ;@T,FILMEM.OBJ **67@,.hhhhhhΑ*))67@$,.hΈ46_}7@F,. ̈`>H;@R,MOVMEM.OBJR**67@,.hhhhhh\))67@$,.̈`}hΑf67@F,.`pz;A6,BEASTS.OBJ**67@,.8\|DJ@8l|DDD8t|Da}))67@$,. 8t|DDL8t|DDD8t|D))67@F,.DF8\|DDD8l|DDD8t))67@h,.|DDD<<8l|J8))b}67@,.~@8||0>?((67A,.?~~67A3,.;@H,c}SETPMS.OBJ**67@,.Щo))67@$,../hhh͍67@F,.` d};A#,MOVPMS.OBJ **67@,.hhhЩةΦϥЪ ))67@$,.iΐ$ ))67@Fe},.Ψhh . ))67@h,.ihhe΅α8 ))67@,.ΩЅϦB 67A,f}. hh`L V ;A$,TEMP.FNT` **67@,.ej ))67@$,. g} t ))67@F,.?o  ~ ))67@h,. | ))67@,.h} ((67A,.pp08  ((67A3,.v< {> ((67AT,.  Ni} ((67Au,.|P<8 ((67A,.8p@v< ((67A,.`0 ?? (j}(67A8,.p?88  ((67AY,.z D ((67A",.fff~ff<<f ((67AC,.<flxlff`````~cw ((67Adl},.kccfv~~nf ((67AB,. (r}(67Ac,.; ((67A,.W y  ((67A,.З l ((67s}A&,.00 ((67AG,.><8 ((67Ah,.<0p` 80`p ((67At},. ((67A ,.?>  ((67A 1,.?  0|8" ((67A R,.u}8~l0, ((67A s,.6 ((67A ,.@ 67A,. v} ACHORSE GALLOPS-@@&@"@"AV #Aqw}-@@"67@,.-%&@@-@@@( 7<%@,x} "-@@@,2@62@@%%2y}J%%2@T ^ h r6-?:C:,<@ ,|-@@-@0(z}  $PROTO VOICE"4AI: 6-B:,6-$@:6-+@@&,'@&@{}-@"-@''2@:7<,,@@(>:@:7<,,, %%2|}6-?:C:,2@@@}H6-?:C:,<@,R \6-?:C:,<AP,f##6-?:C:,<<@<<,p%-@@! ABp%} z-@@-@6-?:C:,<<<<,6-?:C:,<@,"@AH}%%2@`@@6-?:C:,<@,%%2  ))6-?:C:,}<<@<<@,6-?:C:,<A,Horse gallopsAV A@@AVA$}Tap PROTO toes-@@$-@@.##6-?:C:,<<<<@,86-?:C:,<@,B}"@ AIpL%%2@`@@V6-?:C:,<@,`%%2j }t ~))6-?:C:,<<@<<@,6-?:C:,<A,))6-?:C:,<<@<<@,-@}6@ -@6@6-?:C:,<<<<,6-?:C:,<@,"@AP%}%2@`@@6-?:C:,<@,%%2  ##6-?:C:,<}<@<<, 6-?:C:,<A,%-@@! ABp%  A@@AVA$(6-?:C:,<A}P,2 #Aqp ABp<F PnSOUND DECAYx -@6@2}6-?:C:,<@, $X3,PROTOTYPE WOULDb4,LIKE TO OFFERl3,YOU THIS TIDBITv1,TO WET THE APPETITE}1,OF YOUR IMAGINATION!!Hmmmm! A day at the races.Tra La Tra La!!Which horse shall I bet on? HARK!}What horse yonder cometh?  abcdefghi jklm nopqrstuvwxyz`!#$%&'}@()<>=+;: *-^!!AH YES... Now I remember...That horse has CHARACTER! Watch and see what I mean.NEED I SA}Y MORE?D4:HORSESSPMPHFCMHCTCDCSTPPCVHOMHBTOEDDISDONSTO`TDONWTFMMMSPMPBSSMVBV1V0MSPPCCDDVMDISVHBPCRD }  } !" }#$%&EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE""---------------------------- CGLOGOby Stan Gilbe }rt Company logo for character$graphics tutorial.8VERSION 1.0B(C) JANUARY 17th, 1983L""----- }-----------------------V`(6-F:A,6-AP( A jt__ALL DONE~ A A+ }'B2H'B2I'B2P'B2Q'B2R'B2S' }B2T'B2U%D:HORSE (}A&__Assembly code;@W, }__TDELAY.OBJ**67@,.hh))67@$,.h67@F,.  }` ;@T,__FILMEM.OBJ **67@,.hhhhhhΑ*))67@$,.hΈ4 }67@F,. ̈`>H;@I,__MOVMEM.OBJR**67@,.hhhhhh\))67@$,.̈ }hΑ̈f67@F,.`pz;@H,__SETPMS.OBJ**67@,.Щo) })67@$,../hhh͍67@F,.`;A,__MOVPMS.OBJ**67@,.hhhЩ }Υͪ芅ϥ))67@$,.Ъiΐ))67@F,.hh i))67@h,.hhe }Π̑))67@,.ΩЅϦ67A,.hh`;A6,__BEASTS.OBJ **67@ },.8\|DJ@8l|DDD8t|D ))67@$,. 8t|DDL8t|DDD8t|D ))67@F,.DF8\|DDD8l|DDD8t$ ))67@h },.|DDD<<8l|J8. ))67@,.~@8||0>?8 ((67A,.?~~B 67A3 },.L V ;@,__SCROLL.OBJ` 67@,. hhhhh`j t ;@,__VBLANK.OBJ~ !!67@ },.Α̥ύLb  ;@,__VBLNK1.OBJ 67@,. hhh \`  ;@#,__VBLNK0.OBJ } **67@,.nԩb䪩 \h`__MAINLINE;AU,;AU,6-F:A,6-&@ }6-$AV6-&@6-$AV-6-&@6-$AV-6-%A/A&@/6-+&@ },$AV+@%@6-?:C:,<,%%6-F:A`,%F:Aa,$AV70@70@ }@ @"!!6-?:C:,<<<A@,,__INSTALL INCARNATIONS66-?:C:, }6-?:C:,<<<<,H6-?:C:,<@,R \ f++6-?:C:,<<@<<%@,pG%2 }G2@z6-?:C:,<@,A@x__DROP PROTO'S F6 }-+,%A%%@Ad-%@%@b-2@@-6-&@#@ }#%@@ %%26-?:C:,<@0,__PICK UP "A" -@@ }6@-&@6@##&@@ @AI$))+%@,$A }V%@.&-@%@&(@ 8-@(@AB%6-A6-@% AT0 }L V$-@@$(@ X$-@@$(@i`@j%%2 }t-&@6@~##&@@ ##&@ApA }@6-?:C:,<@0,__MOVE PROTO LEFT -Av@V6@ -@6@112 }$@%A&@@6-?:C:,<<<<,6-?:C:,<@,  __PROTO OFF }STAGE G%2G2@))6-?:C:,<<<<,__ }SET UP SCRL SCREEN(6-+%@,$AV26. <"67@!,.6-B:,F-@P }!!67<,.>:@:7<,,%@,Z d 6-?:C:,%%( H%%( R%%( SHIP } \%%( f%%(  p%%( <::::::::::::::> }z%%(  %%(^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ %%( %%( }  %%( ROCKET  A@`@@70@70}@@CASTLE-@@"-@( !-@@!(} -@@ (-@@(-@@-@($ .!-@@} !(8 -@@ (B -@@ (L-@( V-@}@`-@&(j-@%( t ~-@@-@( -@ }@( -@$@( -@@"-@3( }-@5@(  -@5@ ( -@5@!(-@5@"( -@}@(/ \-@@( -@@(\/(-@#2"-@@9}(" <-@@F "-(.P Z-@3@(dWINDn-@PA}@x))2@@'@&@-@@   -A@P6@))2@}@'@&@-@@   BAT-@@'#"@ #6-?:}C:,<@,%"@ 6-@% AW@ "-@@@ -(7<%@,6-?}:C:,<@,  " -(7@<@,,6-@ AW@6MUSIC@ AU`J "T}A@^G%2G2@hG%2@G2@}r 6-F:A@, 6-'@|!@6-@"AU@72}@72@%@@7!2@&@@72@@AT }ATP6-@;2@c@;2@@U@;2@@B@;2@@}1@A@@ F:A@,AV -@6?2@c@}2@@U@2@@B@2@@1@ &ALL DONE}0-@@#:!!(Ƞ٠٠ϠD A@`N% D:LESSON01.CGX AWbLIGHTNING su}broutinel-v+6-@0& @+6-@% -( -+6-@0&} @+6-@% -(  -@A@006-+H:,$@%@,'+?$},2@006-+H:,$@%@,'+?$,!!2@%@ @ G%2}G2@$XDATA STATEMENTSb _Starsl2,1,3,3,19,0,23,}0,29,0v18,2,24,5,26,1,31,2,38,2 _Bats!!1,0,2,0,3,1,4,2,5,2,6,3,7,18,2,18,3,19,220,3,19,4,14,6,10,7,}11,810,9,10,10,11,11,12,1113,12,12,13,14,14,16,1317,14,17,13,19,13,20,12_A little mood music121},63,20,1,0,3,102,55,10!!121,63,10,85,45,10,81,42,1060,31,20,1,0,3,76,40,1081,42,10,91,48,20,1,0,30!!81,42},10,91,48,10,102,55,201,0,3,91,48,10,102,55,10 108,57,10,121,63,10136,72,20,1,0,6 D:PICTURES @u78WTMMFMGTGFCDLMTCCDSCREESLCDRA} }EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE""----------------------------LESSON01.CGby Stan Gilbert}!!Character graphics tutorial$lesson 1..8VERSION 1.0B(C) JANUARY 17th, 1983L""--------------}--------------VAssembly code;@W,TDELAY.OBJ**67@,.hh))}67@$,.h67@F,. ` ;@R,MOVMEM.OBJ **67@,.hh}hhhh*))67@$,.̈hΑ467@F,.`>H;@T,FILMEM.OBJ}R**67@,.hhhhhhΑ\))67@$,.hΈf67@F,. ̈`pz;}@,GIANTX.OBJ**67@,.hhhhhhhؤб))67@$,.`̈Хi())67@F,.}ͤȈgj ))67@h,.pqy`;A$,GIANT.FNT**67@,.}ffff))67@$,.ffffff>`<|ff 0))67@F,.`ff68off;))67@h,.`08 }80`f<  }$ ((67A,.0 0 ~. ((67A8,.~`0 0`<~ff~ff|ff|fff }B ((67A,.|>f````f>xlfffflx~``|L ((67A,.```~~``|````>f``nff>fV ((67A",.ff~ffff~~f` (( }67AC,.f ((67A2,.} ((67AS,.8pff< ((67At,.?f ((67A,.f<} ((67A,. ((67A7,.```` ((67AX,.}<~~~ ((67Ay,.< ((67A,.ff< ((67A!,.x`x`~}<~ ((67AB,.~<0~0( ((67Ac,. ~ <~~<|f~f2 ((67A,.>```|fff|<````<>}< ((67A,.fff>ffff>```|ffff8P ((67AG,.<```flxlf8Z ((}67Ah,.<fkcc|fffffd ((67A,.ffn ((67A ,.ff>|ff```>`<f<x ((67A} 1,.~ fffff>fff< ((67A R,.ck>66f<~ 0`~<~~< ((67A },.~x|nf 67A,. TTTTTTMAINLINE11;@,;@ ,;@@,;@@},6..:_CSLNP467@,._%67@@,._467@,.467@,. %67@ ,. 467@,.}6-F:A,6-&@6-$AVA&@" +AR@"(0@}70@@70@%%6-F:A`,%F:Aa,$AV"))6-F:%@,%F:}%@,$AV,6-?:C:, abcdefghi*}jklmnopqrstuvwxyzH.,,Numbers...1234567890R??.,,And[ other familiar symbols,!"#$%&'@()<>*+:;[.\?=-^|,P\Π+}f..N,ATARI provides some unique characters.p,FORMS can be drawn withz!!special graphics characters,    ,}   | ,:,!!!!|ŠӠŠĠ|!!!!| -} | |!!| 1. NAME | |!!| 2. STREET | |!!| 3. CITY STATE | PHOTO |!!|.} 4. ZIP | |!!| | |!!| 5. DEPARTMENT | |!!| 6. SUPERVISOR /}!!| 7. SECURITY CLEARANCE |!!| |!!| form 114|!!0}$P.Π8$$That's pretty easy to follow!,B22.,However[,ATARI goes one BIG step further.,L,,:,1}They give us the ability to move theV((CHARACTER SET to any place in FREE`USER MEMORY we want.j>>_,:,And if it is 2}in FREE MEMORY,then we can MODIFY it!,PtΠ~((If we can modify the CHARACTER SET&&then we can create CHAR3}ACTERS to suit our particular needs.SS_,In order to construct our own ,characters[ we need: ,-----------4}BB1. Knowledge of how characters, are constructed in MEMORY.EE2. A convenient TOOL that will, allow us to create o5}ur own.,PΠ!!Why would we want to createcharacters of our own?((_,:,We may want SPECIAL CHARACTE6}RS$$to use for TEXTURING a screen.00_,:,We may need SPECIAL SCIENTIFIC SYMBOLS##to express MATH or CHEMISTRY.+7}+_,:,Perhaps we need another ALPHABET[ &&like HEBREW[ GREEK[ or ARABIC.,PΠ%%,,_,These characters are 8}called(STATIC CHARACTERS2because they have no<MOTION or ANIMATION.,_,PFΠP((That leads us to 9}another importantZreason to alter thedCHARACTER SET,_,:n,CHARACTER ANIMATION!,x,,_,.,CHARACTER ANIMATION Is:} an EASY and&&FUN way to add MOTION to SPECIALCHARACTERS.,PΠ%%,,_,These characters are called;}DYNAMIC CHARACTERSbecause they do haveMOTION or ANIMATION!,_,PΠ%%Many of the techniques y<}ou will%%learn from this TRICKY TUTORIALrelate very well toTRICKY TUTORIAL #5PLAYER MISSILE GRAPHICS=}**_,:,,,SO LET'S GET ON WITH IT!,,,_,P D:LESSON01.CGDRA>78VkWTMMFMGTGFCDLMTCCDSCREESLCDRA99944m66YY?}((@( A` AV B6 B B Bd@B`@@@0@@}@3EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE""----------------------------LESSON02.CGby Stan GilbertA}!!Character graphics tutorial$lesson 2..8VERSION 1.0B(C) JANUARY 17th, 1983L""--------------B}--------------VAssembly code;@W,TDELAY.OBJ**67@,.hh))C}67@$,.h67@F,. ` ;@R,MOVMEM.OBJ **67@,.hhD}hhhh*))67@$,.̈hΑ467@F,.`>H;@T,FILMEM.OBJE}R**67@,.hhhhhhΑ\))67@$,.hΈf67@F,. ̈`pz;F}@,GIANTX.OBJ**67@,.hhhhhhhؤб))67@$,.`̈Хi())67@F,.G}ͤȈgj ))67@h,.pqy`;A$,GIANT.FNT**67@,.H}ffff))67@$,.ffffff>`<|ff 0))67@F,.`ff68off;))67@h,.`08I}80`f< K}$ ((67A,.0 0 ~. ((67A8,.~`0 0`<~ff~ff|ff|fffL}B ((67A,.|>f````f>xlfffflx~``|L ((67A,.```~~``|````>f``nff>fV ((67A",.ff~ffff~~f` ((M}67AC,.f ((67A2,.P} ((67AS,.8pff< ((67At,.?f ((67A,.f<Q} ((67A,. ((67A7,.```` ((67AX,.R}<~~~ ((67Ay,.< ((67A,.ff< ((67A!,.x`x`~S}<~ ((67AB,.~<0~0( ((67Ac,. ~ <~~<|f~f2 ((67A,.>```|fff|<````<>T}< ((67A,.fff>ffff>```|ffff8P ((67AG,.<```flxlf8Z ((U}67Ah,.<fkcc|fffffd ((67A,.ffn ((67A ,.ff>|ff```>`<f<x ((67AV} 1,.~ fffff>fff< ((67A R,.ck>66f<~ 0`~<~~< ((67A W},.~x|nf 67A,. TTTTTTMAINLINE11;@,;@ ,;@@,;@@X},6..:_CSLNP467@,._%67@@,._467@,.467@,. %67@ ,. 467@,.Y}6-F:A,6-&@6-$AVA&@" +AR@"(0@Z}70@@70@%%6-F:A`,%F:Aa,$AV"))6-F:%@,%F:[}%@,$AV,6-?:C:,UHORSE b7LOGO CG b4PICTURES b@LESSON01CG b9>LESSON02CG b"LINKBAS UTLbSHOWBYTE bbCHAREDITUTLb)SHOWCHAR b-?FONTFLIP blPROTO b7GARDEN b GARDEN FNTbAUTORUN SYSof##information that any computer((deals with.,:,,It works in BINARY!''That is[ it is a BI state signal.It r}can be OFF or ON. :,,The computer sees this''as a "ZERO" (0) or a "ONE" (1).,P Π*((You probably kns}ow by now that your4##ATARI is an EIGHT BIT MACHINE>""S,_,:,That is[ when the 6502H microprocessor is handlingR##t}information[ it is looking at\EIGHT BITS at a time.f"",:,EIGHT BITS make ONE BYTE!p''S,_,:,That was EASY!,.,HOWEVu}ER[,PzΠ&&It could get confusing trying to$$make sense out of eight people((standing in front of yov}u screamingZERO or ONE!%%:,,Besides[ if you only counted$$each ONE and ignored each ZERO##then you would bew} pretty much>>limited to counting to EIGHT!,:,,Unless[ of course....,PΠ((We could give some special mx}eaning!!to each of those eight bitsall standing in a row!##:,,,Remember[ we have already**decided to call ty}his "group" a BYTE.%%.,,,/ / / / / / / /,"B Y T E",PΠ$##This group needs a leader and.he will be z}the first BIT.8we will call him theB!!MOST SIGNIFICANT BIT or MSBL''S,_,C,9,21,/ / / / / / / /V.,C,5,2{}0,MSB `'':,And[ each group has a follower.jHe will be the last BIT.tWe will call him the~&&LEAST SIGNIFI|}CANT BIT or LSB,S,_C,30,21, LSB,PΠ))Well[ if we are going to have RANKS((then everyone sho}}uld have a VALUE._,:,We'll assign the LSBa VALUE of ONE (1)!,:,To keep things simple[))we will double t~}he value of the LSB$$for the value of the next BIT.++:,,S,WOW! We'll just keep on doubling&&values right on up to} the MSB.,P D:LESSON02.CGLMTCCDSCREESLCDRA99944m66YY!1ACFSVLCBYTL(((<<(A @ } ""----------------------------EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE}""----------------------------LINKBAS.SCEby STAN GILBERTFEBRUARY 6th, 1983$.Converts assembly co}de8BASIC equate statements.BLVVERSION 1.8`COMPILER SOURCEj""----------------------------t~}&&;@@,;A H,;@ ,;A H,;@@,6-A 6-@.@.@@}E:@@//('}..(&|ˠà|}..(&-@@ ..(&..(&|}Ԡ |@.(&@@@ __Get destination file}name A -@!@( -@@((LIST (D:TEMP.LST)? 2 @} 4QA$@<B:, @ApF$$7@<@,4:AP$$7@<@,4:AZ!B:,}"!6.TEMP.LSTd 6.D:n67B:,%@,.x#-@!@(# A@-@@!##(}ԠΠΠ A+@+@@ __Get starting line number-@}@!""(  Ap-@!@( -@@(ST}ART LINE (2000)?  @ 4QA$@ 46.2000 6-A:,#-@!@(# A"-}@@!,(ĠҠ6 A@__Get source filenameJ-@@!T( }^AR AhA6-6-)6-%@5!@A6-@r-@|(SOURCEF}ILE/VAR<@>? -@%@( @6-B:,4Q)4A$@7<},4@6-@-@B:,7<,4/A -@@!(ϠŠŠ A}@-@@!(ĠŠà A0$'6.7%@<&,$6-B:,56-%@67},.$56.7@<&@,&B:, @A`0$$7@<@,4:A:$$7@<@,4:A}D!B:,"!6.TEMP.OBJN 6.D:X 67B:,%@,. 6-B:,b7<,4.67,..OBJl 6.6}-v'AR@'-@@!( "@Ap-@@!(}ԠŠ A$`+@+@@'AR@'-@@!(}ǠŠ 467@,. %67A H,. 467@,.7,0.OBJA 0(-@@$)}@(  A p)@67B:,%@,.>:,  6-B:, A @"@A! -@}@!*$$(ԠΠݠ4 A$`>-@@!H""(ǠϠΠ R__Put }to destination file\(@ REMf6-%@p##(@ DIM(B:,z$$(@):REM __7@},6-%@6-@ B6-@# A6-@$ A6-@%} @6-@&# 6-&%!#6-&%@))(@()=>:@4,-%&@7}<,0>:@4,A")67<,.167<,. )6-@(@7<,  (@>:@4, 6}-%@6-% A"$ "@""A$. -@B:,8 7<,01A$B (@}(,L (@ )=CHR$(34)V 6-%@`  j -@@!t ""( }~ A0 6-?:C:hl ,, __keyboard test AdAU &6-F:Ad,&"AUA$p Ad}AU$ D:LINKBAS.UTLBYTL(((<<(A @ "u LOZMBYTE@ !}EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE""----------------------------SHOWBYTEby Stan Gilbert!!Character gra!}phics tutorial$BCD and BYTE structure..8VERSION 1.0B(C) JANUARY 17th, 1983L""-------------------------!}---VMAINLINE11;@@,;@ ,;@ ,;@@,9@,467@,.%67@!}@,.467@,.%6. %6.   6.0006-@6- +AR!}@70@70@@@-(" ( !} SHOW BYTE,(6-@!(@00((  INDEX Š SET BIT Ѡ QUITJ'@@'!}-@@T( BYTE ^(  h(((  r..(& MSB !} LSB VALUE|..(&..(&|128| 64| 32| 16| 8 | 4 | 2 | 1 ||000|!}..(&))(!))(!| | | | | | | | !} |))(!| | | | | | | | |))(!KEYBOARD AD!}AdAU&6-F:Ad,&"AUAC0(-%$@@((  "@GAF!}"@6-&@"@6-%@!@6-& 6-@0-%$@!}@:( BIT @&D@3AC N##1&@%$@@X!!-&@%$@@!}b""@2("68,-@l""A`("68,-vCOMPUTE DECIMAL VALUE#6--!}@"8,"@6-% 128,64,32,16,8,4,2,1-@5@(000!-@8&B:=:!},,@!(DINK -@6@2@ @  AC ALL!} DONE'AdAU'AR % D:SHOWCHAR (}AF  D:SHOWBYTE hefE0[0WTFMMMCCMSMBSFPXSCDMKEFXMCHCCHCSPBLBABCPTPCDCRCRRWAI99%}966o11%%RR[[rvv>>& B "&& \( @ H@&@@Bq)%}Bh@d@2BBi(B6AAA`AVAR B%}h!@&"#@$@%@&@'@(@)*+,-./%}0""----------------------------EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE""----------------------------CHAREDIT.UTL%}by Stan Gilbert$Character set editor and.animator.BL(c) NOVEMBER 21st, 1982VVERSION 1.4`""-%}---------------------------jt__Assembly code~;@W,__TDELAY.OBJ**67@,.hh%}))67@$,.h67@F,. `;@T,__FILMEM.OBJ**67%}@,.hhhhhhΑ))67@$,.hΈ67@F,. ̈`;@I,%}__MOVMEM.OBJ**67@,.hhhhhh))67@$,.̈hΑ̈ 67@F,.`%};@7,__CIOCTL.OBJ(**67@,.hhhihhBhEh2!!67@$,.DhIhHLV<F;@%},__MOVSTR.OBJP**67@,.hhhhhΩZ))67@$,.~d))67@F,. %} Nn""67@h,.έ@`x;@,__MOVBYT.OBJ**67@,.hhhhhΠ%}@))67@$,.̍))67@F,.80 ))67@h,.~N%}@67@,.`;A,__SHIFTY.OBJ**67@,.hhhhͅh̅ ( ))67@$,. %}I 2`̅Έ̑Έ))67@F,.̑ΥΑ`̱̅))67@h,.̑Б`J))67@,.i%}` i67A,.`;@b,__PAINTX.OBJ"**67@,.hhhhh΢̑%},))67@$,. i̐iͥ6$$67@F,.i(ΐڥiϐ`@J!;A `,!__CHAREDIT.SCNT**67@%},.QRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRWRR^))67@$,.RRRRRWRRRRRRRRRRE|h))67@F,.|r))67@h%},.||ZRRRRRRRR|))67@,.RRRRRRRRRRRSRRRWRRRSRR((67A,.RRRRRRRRD((67A3%},.|||#5((67AT,.23/2|((67Au,.|||!!.)-((67A,.%}!4%|((67A,.||| 5),$##67A0<A0,.>:@4,##67A2<A2,.>:@%}4,((67A8,.|((67AY,.|||##,%!2((67A,.|%}((67A,.ARRRXRRRD''%4|((67A",.|((67AC,.|)).)4|(%}(67Ad,.|((67A,.|,,/!$|&((67A,.|0((67%}A',.|0054|:((67AH,.|D((67Ai,.|33!6%|N((67A%},.||1X((67A,.15)4|b((67A2,.ARRRRRRRXRRRl((67AS,.%}RRRRRRRDv((67At,.|((67A,.|((67A,.%}ARRRRRRRRRRRRRRR((67A7,.RRRD((67AX,.| ((67Ay,.|%}((67A,.| ! #|##67A<A,.>:@4,((67A!,.%}|((67AB,.$%&'()*+,-./012345|((67Ac,.|67((67A,.89:;<=>?@ABCDEFG|(%}(67A,.|HIJK((67A&,.LMNOPQRSTUVWXY|QRRRRR((67AG,.RRRRRRRRRRRRRRDZ[\]^_ ((67%}Ah,.`abcdefghijk||((67A,.|lmnopqrs ((67A ,.tuvwxyz{|}|ZRRRRRRRRR*((67A 1%},.RRRRRRRRRRXRRRRRRRRRR467A R,. RRRRRRRRC>H A&@R__GET INPUT STRING\6-@f#-@%}@"(#6.p)@(>:,z"AUA"A&A"'!@6-&@' %}A!`'67,.>:,6-%@' A!`,A@d'-@@",($__GET FILENAME 4%}6.Q 4Q' A1p# 6.D:#B:, @A#$$7@<@,4:A"$$7@<@%},0:A# 6. A#67@,. -@B:, 7<,4.A#P  $ 67B:,%@,.%}.FNT. $ A8 AR@$(8 $B __PAINT MATRIXL *AR@'-@@*(V 6-?:C:, //&@AB@A5`A5 A8`H //&@!A)A6A8`A7PR "@&AH%}\ __HOME CSRf 16-@6-@!6-'6-1 A1pp 16-@6-@!6-'6-1 A1pz __%}BYTE #'S ON #6-@ A$# A1p __BYTE #'S OFF #6- A$# A1p __CSR OFF A%}R@ A1p __CLR MATRIX $$6-?:C:,__CSR LIMITSH!@6-@R @&}6-@\!@6-@f @6-@p(AH0z__WRITE BIT(6-%+&@,$&}@(6.7<, 4~6. AGp 46.~67<,.(__PRNT IMAGEAR&}@6-?:C:,>'((@@A`*}AV B6 @ @ BB B1A@'@@BdAPEDUCATIONAL SOFTWA*}RE""----------------------------SHOWCHARby Stan Gilbert!!Character graphics tutorial$show a si*}ngle character..8VERSION 1.0B(C) JANUARY 17th, 1983L""----------------------------V`(6-F:A,*}6-AP( A jt____ALL DONE~ A A+'B2H'B2I*}'B2P'B2Q'B2R'B2S'B2T'B2U%D:P*}ROTO (A&Assembly code;@I,MOVMEM.OBJ**67@,.hhhhhh*}))67@$,.̈hΑ̈67@F,.` ;@,MOVBYT.OBJ **67@,*}.hhhhhΠ@*))67@$,.̍4))67@F,.80 >))67@h,.*}~N@H67@,.`R\;@b,PAINTX.OBJf**67@,.hhhhh΢̑* }p))67@$,. i̐iͥz$$67@F,.i(ΐڥiϐ`!;A$,!COMPUTER.FNT**67@*!},.8888fff))67@$,.ffff>`<|fl0))67@F,.fF68of;))67@h*"},.888>x|f<>>``~((67AT,.pppww``((67Au,.|l`cc>66((67A,.*$}wwcc((67A,.0 0 ~~ ((67A8,.`0 0`cc ((67AY,.ooo`*%}?33sss~ffgg ((67A,.gg`cc~ffwww``$ ((67A,.pp``pppc`oggs. ((67A",.sssss*&} n8 ((67AC,.~fflggg000ppp~gB ((67Ad,.wggggwogggccgggL ((67A,.ccpppccggg*'}~ffwV ((67A,.ww`ssgg` ((67A',.ggggggggo>gggogj ((67AH,.sss>ggggggfl*(}t ((67Ai,.7g@`0 x~ ((67A,.x6c ((67A,.6> (*)}(67A2,. ((67AS,.8pp8 ((67At,.? ((67**}A,. ((67A,. ((67A7,.ww ((67AX*+},.<~~~ ((67Ay,.< ((67A,. ((67A!,.*,}x`x`~<~ ((67AB,.~<0~0 ((67Ac,. ~ <~~<<>f> ((67A,.``|*-}ff|<```<> ((67A,.ff> ((67A&,.>ff>|``|fff8( ((67AG,.<<*.}``lxlf82 ((67Ah,.<fkc|ffff< ((67A,.ffF ((67A ,.>|f```>`*/}<|P ((67A 1,.~ffff>fff<Z ((67A R,.ck>6f< x~ 0~<~~<*0}n ((67A ,.x 67A,. TTTTTTMAINLINE&&;@@,;@@,;*1}@d,467@,.%67@8,.467@,.467@,.%67@d,.467@,.6-&@*2}6-$AVA&@ +0@AR@@@*3}((("##( SHOW CHARACTER, ( (6DRAW CHARACTER SET@-@J-@*4}T!!%$@!A%AB0^(>:%$@,h r(| ( ( (( NORMAL FONT-@*5}@!(%%( Continue OR See any key%%6-F:A`,%F:Aa,$AV))6-F:%@,%F:%@,$A*6}V##@@K:INIT CHARSET))6-?:C:,<A$$AV<<A$,-@!!*7}%%A&$@AU!!%%A'$@@+"+%A'$@3"@3%*8}@%A'$@ AV&GET USER INPUT06-@d AE:)@D"*9}@'6-%@N@ADX-@@b( COMPUTER FONTl6-?:C:,:, %-@$@%( DECIMA*=}L   ( %-@$@%( POSITION   ( *-@4#-@4%@#( >*>} (F:%,H R AD\ALL DONEf@@  D:SHOWCHAR'((@@A`(\'(_qMMBFEFCFGFSFFFLFMTCCFA444tD(.@} A` AV B6 B B4&@GEDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE""----------------------------.A}FONTFLIPby Stan Gilbert!!Character graphics tutorial$font flipper..8VERSION 1.0B(C) .B}JANUARY 17th, 1983L""----------------------------VAssembly code;@R,MOVMEM.OBJ**67.C}@,.hhhhhh))67@$,.̈hΑ67@F,.` !;A,!.D}BIGBLOCK.FNT **67@,.>www~g|gg~>``*))67@$,.>|~occo~|```4))67@F,.```?`oc.E}?wwwwwww>>))67@h,.>>>oo>sw~||~wspH))67@,.pppppwwkkkkccs{ogR((67A,.c>wwww>~.F}ww~pp>ww\((67A3,.w~?~ww~ws?p~f((67AT,.wwwwww>wwwww>p((67Au,.kkkkwwwwww.G}wwwwwz 67A,. >:.K}@4, ##67@<@,.>:@4, ##67@<@,.>:@4, ##67@<@,.>:@4,$ ##67@&.L}<@&,.>:@4,. ##67@'<@',.>:@4,8 ##67@(<@(,.>:@4,B ##67@)<@),.>:@4.M},L ##67@0<@0,.>:@4,V ##67@4<@4,.>:@4,` ##67@8<@8,.>:@4,j ##67@B<.N}@B,.>:@4,t ##67@<@,.>:@4,~ ##67A"<A",.>:@4, ##67A#<A#,.>:@4,.O}  !;A,!COMPUTER.FNT **67@,.?33sss~ffgggg`cc ))67@$,.~ffwww``pp``p )).P}67@F,.ppc`oggssssss ))67@h,. n~fflggg0 ))67@,.00ppp~gwggggwoggg ((6.Q}7A,.ccgggccpppccg ((67A3,.gg~ffwww`ss ((67AT,.ggggggggggo> ((67Au.R},.gggogsss>gggggg 67A,. fl7g  ;A,GREEK.FNT **67@,.:@4,  ;A,FANCY.FN.Z}T **67@,.f``f<" ))67@$,.ffffbx`bbx`, ))67@F,.`||ff~fff.[}6 ))67@h,. xlxxl@ ))67@,.```bv~nfJ ((67A,.`<|^ ((67AT,.<fffff<fff<<h ((67Au,.f<DxLX`XL ))67@,.@@@@._}~f~ZBBbRJFB ((67A,.~B~HN~@~~ ((67AT,.|.`}BBBB~BBB$ ((67Au,.BBZ~fB$$BB 67A,. B~~ 0~MAINLINE;@@,.a}6-F:A,-6-&@6-$AV-6-%AdA&@+@%@))6-?:C:,<A$.b}$AV<<A$,AV##(@ A LOOK AT FONTS(@##(@ ** ATARI **.c}(@"&&(@ A B C D E F G H I J,(@6&&(@ K L M N O P Q R S T@(@J&&(@.d} U V W X Y Z T(@^(@h##(@ ** **rAdAU|6-F:Ad.e},"AUAB "@GAD`)6-%@"@)6-6-Ad%A$$AV.f}6.**** ATARI ****"@6-C:,%"@%6.** BIG BLOCK **"@6-C:,%"@%6.g}.*** ELEGANT ***"@6-C:,%"@%6.*** COMPUTE ***"@6-C:,%"@%6..h}**** GREEK ****"@6-C:,%"@%6.*** SURVIVE ***"@6-C:,&%"@%6.**.i}** FANCY ****0"@6-C:,:%"@%6.**** SMALL ****D6-?:C:,<<<A,N-@@X.j}(@b ABlAdAUvA+% D:LESSON02.CG AD& D:FONTFL.k}IP'(_qMMBFEFCFGFSFFFLFMTCCFA444tD(,#$ WTFMMMBSTCCNCCRCR99966o11A`AVB6B` B2m} @ @ @9@@G@EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE""-------------------------2n}--- PROTOby Stan Gilbert!!Character graphics tutorial$PROTO animated demo..8VERSION 1.0B2o}(C) JANUARY 17th, 1983L""----------------------------V_Assembly routines ;@W, _D:TDELAY.2p}OBJ**67@,.hh))67@$,.h67@F,. ` 2q} ;@T, _D:FILMEM.OBJ **67@,.hhhhhhΑ*))67@$,.hΈ467@F2r},. ̈`>H ;@I, _D:MOVMEM.OBJR**67@,.hhhhhh\))67@$,.̈2s}hΑ̈f67@F,.`MAINLINE ;@$, _D:BEASTS.OBJ""6.8\|DJ@8l|DDD8t|D 2t}6-F:A,-6-&@6-$AV-6-%@$5A&@#6-5AY))6-?:C2u}:,<A$$AV<<A#,6-?:C:,H6};A$,__GARDEN.FNTR**67@,.*Ufff\))67@$,.8l|DDD8t|D 8\|Df))67@F6},.J@p))67@h,.j5xz))67@,.404((67A,.6}|  4|ff((67A3,.|``|ff|lf``nf><((67A,.ff~f|ff|lfxlfflx((67A,.~`|``~fv~~nf4((67A8,.|$64?x6}6((67A,.((67A,.6}((67A",.(((67AC,.4 464((67Ad,.H6\2PZw>$Zw6}>T ((67A,.(L6l$\6 ((67A,.|$v\6|(D$v<*H5 ((67A',.~L ((67A2,.V ((67AS,.8pp8` ((67At6},.?j ((67A,.t ((67A,.~ ((67A7,.6}ww ((67AX,.<~~~ ((67Ay,.< ((67A,.6} ((67A!,.x`x`~<~ ((67AB,.~<0~0 ((67Ac,. ~ 6}<~~<<>f> ((67A,.``|ff|<```<> ((67A,.ff> ((67A&,.>ff>|``|ff6}f8 ((67AG,.<<``lxlf8 ((67Ah,.<fkc|ffff ((67A,.ff ((67A ,.>|f```>`<| ((67A 1,.~ffff>fff< ((67A R,.ck>6f< x~ 0~<~~<( ((67A ,.~x|nf2 67A,. TTTTTT__main6}line code11;@$,;@,;@ ,;@,11;@,9@5,9@5,9@5,""6. 6}6.6. abcdefgh 6.6.vwxyz 6-F:AV,.6-F:A, 6-&@6}.6-$AV)A&@)+@%@6-?:C:,(@ AGH(@ R__fertalized multipliers\&&6-+P:'@,$@,6}&@f&-%@"68,-@& p6- ACPz!!@)@AH0__get fertalize6}r6-@ 1%!!Aa*AiAH -%(@  AE0"AH06}6-&@ AG`__sprinkle water-@@-%@(@7<,))2@$6}@@@&6-?:C:,<@, __adjust resevoir$66-&@*6-@&P:'@,6-@6}.006-@ &+'@&P:'@,,$@8(P:'@,"'@(6-@ B)(@7<,)"6}APL__set plant growth matrixV!!"@)"@ACP`-%@j;;6-++++&@,'@,&6}@,$@,%&@t8,"@ACP~8,"@ AP68,-8,68,-@ 68,-8,%6}8,!8,!@!68,-@__make plant grow(@78,<8,,6-?:C:,<@, ACP6}__gopher6-P:H:,$@,!! @)!@AP6-P:H:,$@,!! @)!@6}AQE6-++&@,$@,%76-+$@,%@E6-%@  -@$@6@ -(6}@7<,/6-?:C:,<@0,/6-+&@,'@(8,) @AQ2(@7<,<, -,(6}@7&@<&@,F6-?:C:,<@0,P Z__compute total scored&-@@5"6-%8,& 6}n__score screenx+@%@,-@@,(@Š&&(@P:'@,6}6-?:C:,<A,(@} AA__all done!AdAU!A%D:CHAREDIT.UTL6}D:GARDENGPRTWGLMACTCCMMCFWTj A$At$AL$4 *Ufff8l|DDD8t|D 8\|DJ@j5x404|H@ :}4|ff|``|ff|lf``nf>(4 464H6\2PZw>:}$Zw>T|ff|``8pp8?:}ww<~~~<x`x`~<~~<:}0~0 ~ <~~<<>f>``|ff|<```<>ff>>ff>|``|fff8<<``lxlf8<f:}kc|ffffff>|f```>`<|~ffff>fff<ck>6f< x~ 0~<~~<:}~x|nfTTTTTT8l|DDD8t|D 8\|DJ@j5x404|H@ 8e$ЎX J`8532 25.$,/'/#'hX^Jʎ`,/!$).'<riͩkΩ͙kCop j`j0 {j`Hi͝Νh`LOGL.AITG:D"NU>}R`8K8P?@     Y`  Y0 l `8E<